ABSTRACT
As nanomedicines are developing fast in both academic and market areas, building up suitable methods for nanomedicine analysis with proper techniques is an important subject, requiring further research. The techniques, which could be employed for grain size analysis of nanomedicines, were reviewed. Several key techniques were discussed with their principles, scope of applications, advantages and defects. Their applications to nanomedine analysis were discussed according to the properties of different nanomedicines, with the purpose of providing some suggestions for the control and administration of nanomedicines.
Subject(s)
Drug Delivery Systems , Light , Microscopy, Electron , Methods , Microscopy, Scanning Probe , Methods , Nanoparticles , Chemistry , Classification , Particle Size , Scattering, Radiation , Scattering, Small Angle , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , Methods , X-Ray Diffraction , MethodsABSTRACT
Actualmente, las células dendríticas en tejidos periféricos, piel y mucosas son centro de numerosas publicaciones. De acuerdo con su localización se clasifican en subtipos de diferente denominación. Su posición apropiada les permite ejercer un papel crucial en la detección y la captación de antígenos y su presentación a los linfocitos T en centros linfoides, iniciando la inmunidad innata y la inmunidad adaptativa. Debe destacarse además su actuación en la tolerancia inmunitaria y su participación en diversas enfermedades autoinmunitarias como la enfermedad periodontal e incluso el cáncer de células escamosas. Presentamos una actualización resumida de los últimos estudios realizados y destacamos el conocimiento de los marcadores inmunológicos y las características fundamentales de los subtipos, células de Langerhans y células plasmocitoides, especialmente en la mucosa oral. La disminución de los distintos fenotipos de células dendríticas en lesiones cancerizables y en la vejez, como su ausencia en neoplasias malignas son aspectos destacables. Comunicamos a la vez nuestro primer acercamiento a la microscopia electrónica de barrido para observarlas en tejido mucoso sano y de tres lesiones: mucosa hiperplásica, gingivitis descamativa y úlceras aftosas recidivantes con vasculitis.
Subject(s)
Dendritic Cells/classification , Dendritic Cells/microbiology , Oral Medicine , Microscopy, Scanning Probe , Mouth Mucosa/abnormalities , Mouth Mucosa/cytologyABSTRACT
As a new kind of non-contacting high-resolution scanning probe microscopy, hopping probe scanning ion conductance microscopy (HPSICM) overcomes the disadvantages of the continuous feedback-control scanning mode of the conventional scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), which has been restricted to imaging relatively flat biological samples. The basic operation principles of HPSICM were briefly introduced in this paper. Then the high-resolution 3D morphological images of the two live neuronal cell lines, SK-N-SH cells and NGF-differentiated neurite PC12 cells, were respectively acquired in their physiological culture environment using HPSICM. It is demonstrated that HPSICM provides a powerful microscopy for in-depth studying the microstructures and their dynamic changes of live neuronal cells in real time.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , Cells, Cultured , Ion Channels , Metabolism , Microscopy, Scanning Probe , Methods , Molecular Imaging , Methods , Neurons , PC12 CellsABSTRACT
Esta revisäo relata um breve histórico sobre o advento do microscópio de força atômica. A introduçäo de novas tecnologias a esse potente aparelho tornou possível vencer alguns problemas na geraçäo de imagens de amostras biológicas. A principal vantagem dessa técnica é gerar imagens de amostras näo cobertas e näo fixadas de uma forma näo destrutiva. O mais recente desenvolvimento nessa área é a construçäo de biossensores usando a ponta do microscópio de força atômica. Esses biossensores säo muito sensíveis e têm possíveis aplicaçöes em vários campos: química orgânica, bioquímica, química farmacêutica e farmacologia.